Wholesale retail has always been driven by volume, value, and long-term purchasing behavior. However, in recent years, bulk buying patterns have become more dynamic, influenced by inflation, supply chain disruptions, changing household sizes, and the rise of small business buyers. Costco, as one of the world's largest membership-based wholesale retailers, sits at the center of this transformation. Its product assortment, pricing strategy, and inventory behavior offer valuable signals about how consumers and businesses are buying in bulk.